The Spetsnaz security firm
The special thing about the Belarusian “force market” is that the country never had privately-owned security firms. Any man wearing a uniform is the property of the state rather than some private company. This is strictly regulated by Belarusian laws.
Here is what the legislation says: only law enforcement agencies may be involved in security activities. The agencies include Lukashenka’s security department, the Defence Ministry, the Interior Ministry, the Emergency Ministry, the KGB, the State Border Committee, tax agencies, and the so-called State Control Committee. Additionally, the Belarusian Railways and the Department of Civil Aviation are allowed to have their freight escorted and guarded.
Some other ministries are also allowed to run paramilitary security staff. Those obviously do not include the Ministry of Culture or the Education Ministry, but rather those that have departments that may be involved with explosives. And that’s it. Private businessmen should remain on the margins and lay low.
Of course, private firms may have their own security teams to safeguard employees or facilities, but those are only allowed to work inside the company. Security as a commercial activity has always been banned in Belarus. However, the dream of private security companies (PSCs) providing a source of unlimited opportunities and money caused a great deal of interest among Belarusian security officials as early as in the 1990s.